Sugary drinks and weight gain, type 2 diabetes and other chronic disease
Association of
Sports Drinks with Weight Gain Among Adolescents and Young Adults
This
study examined associations between sports drink consumption and body mass
index (BMI) gains among adolescents and young adults. The authors found among girls,
each serving per day of sports drink predicted an increase of 0.3 BMI units
(95% confidence interval (CI) CI 0.03-0.54) more than their peers over the next
2-3 years. Among boys, each serving of sports drinks predicted a 0.33 BMI (95%
CI 0.09, 0.66) increase. In addition, boys who increased their intake over the
2-3 year interval gained significantly more than their peers during the same
time interval.
Modelled Cost-Effectiveness of a Package Size Cap and a Kilojoule Reduction Intervention to Reduce Energy Intake from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Australia
This study modelled the potential cost-effectiveness of: a package size cap on single-serve sugar sweetened beverages >375 mL (package size cap), and product reformulation to reduce energy content of packaged sugar sweetened beverages (energy reduction). It found both interventions led to reduced mean body weight (package size cap: 0.12 kg; energy reduction: 0.23 kg); and HALYs gained (package size cap: 73,883; energy reduction: 144,621). Cost offsets were estimated at AUD 750.8 million (package size cap) and AUD 1.4 billion (energy reduction).
Consumption of sweet beverages and type 2 diabetes incidence in European adults: results from EPIC-InterAct
Case-Control cohort study investigating the association between SSBs and type 2 diabetes. The authors conclude; this study corroborates the association between increased incidence of type 2 diabetes and high consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks in European adults.
InterAct Consortium et al. Diabetologia PMID: 23620057, July 2013
Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drinks, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Editorial on soft drinks and obesity and type 2 diabetes including evidence of a link and recommendations for action.
Caroline M Apovian, MD. JAMA, August 25, 2004-Vol 292, No. 8, August 2004
Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction
This systematic review examined the relationship between sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened drinks and development of type 2 diabetes. The authors found that one serving of sugar sweetened drinks per day increases risk of type 2 diabetes by 18%.
Imamura F et al.BMJ 2015;351:h3 576, 2015
Consumption of sugar-sweetened
beverages and type 2 diabetes incidence in Thai adults: results from an 8-year
prospective study
This study aimed to assess the association
between sugar sweetened beverage intake and type 2 diabetes risk in a
prospective study of Thai adults.
The authors
conclude frequent SSB consumption associated with higher T2DM incidence in
women but not men and that a moderate proportion of the SSB-T2DM relationship
was mediated through body mass index (BMI).
Papier, K., et al.Nutrition
& diabetes 7.6 (2017): e283.
The weight of evidence suggests that soft drinks are a major issue in childhood and adolescent obesity
The authors found that soft drink consumption has increased over the past 30 years, from 47 L per person per year to 113 L per person (children and adults).
Gill T, Rangan A and Webb K.Medical Journal of Australia; 184(6):263–4. 2006
Estimated global, regional, and national disease burdens related to sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in 2010
Key findings were:
- Worldwide, the model estimated 184,000 (95%UI=161,000-208,000) deaths/year attributable to SSB consumption: 133,000 (126,000-139,000) from diabetes, 45,000 (26,000-61,000) from CVD, and 6,450 (4,300-8,600) from cancers.
- A total of 8.5 (2.8, 19.2) million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were related to SSB intake (4.5% of diabetes-related DALYs).
Gitanjali M. Singh et al CIRCULATION AHA.114.010636 Published online before print June 29, 2015, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010636, 2015
Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity and diabetes: A cross-national analysis of 75 countries
Key findings:
- Globally, soft drink consumption increased from 36 litres per person per year in 1997 to 43 litres in 2010.
- A 1% rise in soft drink consumption was associated with an additional 4.8 overweight adults per 100.
- Industry analysts suggest that soft drink consumption is expected to rise by 15.7% over the next 5 years in low- and middle-income countries and 9.5% worldwide.
- This projected rise in soft drink consumption would correspond to an additional 2.3 billion adults who are overweight, 1.1 billion adults who are obese, and 192 million new cases of diabetes worldwide over the next 5 years, with at least 60% of the burden falling on low- and middle-income countries.
Basu S. et al,Am J Public Health;103:2071-7 2013
Beverage intake and obesity in Australian children
A review of sugary drink consumption amongst Australian children Examines relationship with overweight and obesity, SES, TV viewing time and activity levels.
Clifton PM et al.Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8: 87, 2011
Sugary drinks and oral health
Black Cola drinks, oral health and general health: an evidence-based approach
Article exploring the role of black cola drinks in formation of dental caries.
Walsh LJ. ADA News Bulletin, 2008
Nutrition, dietary guidelines and food policy in oral health
Sugar intake is directly proportional to the development of dental caries. Consumption of acidic soft drinks is the biggest risk factor for dental erosion in children and adolescents.
Rugg-Gunn A.In: Pine CM, editor. Community Oral Health. Great Britain: Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd; 1997.
Sugar-sweetened beverages levy
See Relevant Publications under Sugar-sweetened beverages levy
Sources of sugar in the Australian diet
Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population
Over half of the Australian population consumes more free sugars than the WHO’s recommendation.
Sugar sweetened beverages accounted for the greatest proportion of the added sugar intake in the Australian population (21%)
Lei, Linggang, et al. British Journal of Nutrition 115.05 (2016): 868-877.